This rule updates the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) serious deficiency (SD) process and establishes SD processes for unaffiliated centers and the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). Section 322 of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (the Act) requires the Secretary to establish procedures for the termination and disqualification of organizations participating in the SFSP. This rule also establishes criteria for imposing fines against schools, school food authorities, or State agencies in CACFP as required by section 303 of the Act. In 2016, USDA solicited public comments on a serious deficiency provision contained in USDA’s Child Nutrition Program Integrity proposed rule. In 2019, USDA sought additional input through a formal Request for Information (RFI) specific to the serious deficiency process. The comments submitted by state agency officials, program operators, and program sponsors in response to these solicitations was critical to the development of this rule. These are the stakeholders that will be most significantly affected by the rule’s proposed reforms.