The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), the Department of Commerce, maintains controls on the export, reexport, and transfer (in-country) of dual-use and less sensitive military items through the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), including the Commerce Control List (CCL). Foundational technologies may be items that are currently subject to control for military end use or military end user reasons.  Additionally, foundational technologies may be additional items, for which an export license is not required (except for certain countries) that also warrant review to determine if they are foundational technologies essential to the national security.  For example, such controls may be reviewed if the items are being utilized or required for innovation in developing conventional weapons or enabling foreign intelligence collection activities or weapons of mass destruction applications. In an effort to address this concern, this rule proposes to amend the CCL with identified foundational technologies. This rule requests public comments to ensure that the scope of these proposed controls will be effective and appropriate, including with respect to their potential impact on legitimate commercial or scientific applications.