On April 20, 2023, BIS published Section 1758 Technology Export Controls on Instruments for the Automated Chemical Synthesis of Peptides (88 FR 24341) (Peptide Synthesizers Proposed Rule), seeking comments on proposed additional controls of peptide synthesizers. That rule, published under RIN 0694-AI84, which is its U.S. Government regulatory identification number, proposed identifying automated peptide synthesizers as emerging and foundational technologies consistent with Section 1758 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (ECRA), 50 U.S.C. 4801-4852. Section 1758 provides that BIS identify emerging and foundational technologies that are essential to U.S. national security and are not critical technologies, as that term is defined in the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended. This final rule finalizes those proposed changes; however, this rule includes additional changes outside of the scope of the Peptide Synthesizers Proposed Rule and includes items that are not Section 1758 technologies. Those changes are consistent with the authorities described in Section 1753 of ECRA (50 U.S.C. 4812) to regulate the export, reexport, and transfer (in-country) of items subject to U.S. jurisdiction as well as the mandate to seek multilateral controls. Pursuant to Section 1762(a) of ECRA (50 U.S.C. 4821(a)), these changes can be imposed in a final rule without prior notice and comment. To avoid public confusion, BIS created a new RIN for this rule, RIN 0694-AJ83, to encompass the finalized version of the proposed Section 1758 technologies and the additional changes.