The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) proposes to update CFR 42 part 93, Public Health Service (PHS) Policies on Research Misconduct (2005). The regulation covers any entity receiving research funding from any PHS agency. It requires recipient entities to provide assurance to ORI that they have established policies and procedures for handling research misconduct, to report annually on the actions they take under the assurance, and to cooperate with ORI in assessing, investigating, and taking appropriate action on supported findings of research misconduct. Research misconduct is defined as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results. It does not include honest error or differences of opinion. Further, a finding of research misconduct requires that (a) There be a significant departure from accepted practices of the relevant research community; (b) the misconduct be committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly; and (c) the allegation be proven by a preponderance of the evidence. ORI may apply administrative actions to researchers found to have committed research misconduct, ranging from supervision of their research, retraction or correction of published articles, prohibition from receiving PHS funding for a prescribed time, or suspension or debarment for periods ranging from 1 year to lifetime. ORI aims to clarify responsibilities, expectations, and processes; redirect respondent appeals of ORI findings or sanctions; and strengthen ORI compliance actions through updating the regulation.