Recent changes in State of Alaska regulations authorize historically illegal hunting practices for predators in order to increase game species. FWS laws and policies require maintaining biological integrity on refuges, which includes maintaining natural ecological processes such as predator/prey dynamics. This precludes reducing native predators solely for the purpose of providing for increased harvests of a prey species. Federal law gives FWS authority to implement hunting and trapping closures and restrictions within refuges for reasons of public health and safety, resource protection, protection of cultural or scientific values, subsistence uses, endangered or threatened species conservation, and other management considerations necessary to ensure that the activity or area is being managed in a manner compatible with the purposes for which each particular national wildlife refuge in Alaska was established. This rule would retain traditional restrictions on hunting in national wildlife refuges consistent with FWS policy. A rulemaking is preferable to temporary closures and restrictions that react to changes in state law but do not ensure long-term protection of wildlife consistent with FWS policy.