The FWS has received increasing inquiries about addressing black vulture depredation, including livestock conflicts and property damage. The FWS issues specific permits to authorize the take of black vulture to reduce damage or loss caused by black vultures. Since 2021, the FWS has also implemented a pilot program to issue a statewide specific permit that can subpermit ranchers to take black vultures to reduce livestock damage. The 5-year pilot ends in February 2026. The FWS is considering the most effective mechanisms to address black vulture depredation that will best serve the American public, streamline government operations, and reduce permitting burden. We will also consider applicability to other species conflicts.