The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (EPCA), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including consumer water heaters. EPCA also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to periodically determine whether more stringent standards would be technologically feasible and economically justified, and would result in significant energy savings. In the final rule, DOE has adopted amended energy conservation standards for consumer water heaters, except for gas-fired instantaneous water heaters (GIWHs). DOE has determined that the new and amended energy conservation standards for these products would result in significant conservation of energy, and are technologically feasible and economically justified. DOE is still considering amended energy conservation standards for GIWHs and will continue to consider comments submitted previously to inform any decision on amended standards.