The Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation (WIIN) Act established a requirement for the EPA to establish a federal permit program for the disposal of coal combustion residuals (CCR) in Indian Country and in states without an approved state CCR program (i.e., nonparticipating” states), contingent upon Congressional appropriations. In March 2018 (P.L. 115-141) and March 2019 (P.L. 116-6), Congress appropriated funding for federal CCR permitting. The final rule would establish a new federal permitting program for disposal of CCR. The potentially regulated universe is limited to facilities with CCR disposal units subject to regulation under 40 CFR Part 257 Subpart D, which are located in Indian Country and in nonparticipating states. The remaining CCR facilities would be regulated by an approved state program and would not be subject to federal permitting requirements.