This action will address the agency’s residual risk and technology review (RTR) of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Iron and Steel Foundries. The Iron and Steel Foundry NESHAP, subpart EEEEE, was promulgated pursuant to section 112(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) on April 22, 2004, and subsequently amended on May 20, 2005, and February 7, 2008. The NESHAP established emission limitations and work practice requirements based on maximum achievable control technology (MACT) for controlling emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from iron and steel foundries. The HAP emitted from major source iron and steel foundries include metal and organic compounds. This action implements the residual risk review requirements of CAA section 112(f)(2) and the technology review requirements of CAA section 112(d)(6). The statute directs the EPA to promulgate emission standards under CAA 112(f)(2) if such standards are required to provide an ample margin of safety to protect public health or to prevent, taking relevant factors into account, an adverse environmental effect. Any such standards are to be promulgated within 8 years after promulgation of MACT standards under CAA section 112(d). CAA section 112(d)(6) requires the EPA to review and revise the MACT standards as necessary, taking into account developments in practices, processes and control technologies, no less often than every 8 years. Pursuant to a court order (Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League v. Pruitt, Case No: 1:16-cv-00364 (D.D.C.)) related to the review of 13 source categories, the EPA must complete seven final RTR actions by December 31, 2018, and six additional RTR actions by June 30, 2020. The EPA currently plans to complete this action by June 30.

In addition, this final rule will address the Agency's technology review of the NESHAP for Iron and Steel Foundries Area Sources. The Iron and Steel Foundries Area Source NESHAP, subpart ZZZZZ, was promulgated pursuant to section 112(d) of the CAA on January 2, 2008. The NESHAP established emission limitations and work practice requirements based on generally available control technologies or management practices (GACT) for controlling emissions of HAP from iron and steel foundries. The HAP emitted from area source iron and steel foundries include metal and organic compounds. This action implements the technology review requirements of CAA section 112(d)(6). CAA section 112(d)(6) requires the EPA to review and revise the GACT standards as necessary, taking into account developments in practices, processes and control technologies, no less often than every 8 years. The area source NESHAP technology review is subject to a consent decree deadline of August 31, 2020, for signature of final rule. The EPA proposed this action in October 2019 and plans to promulgate by June 30, 2020.