In December 1994, pursuant to section 112(d) of the Clean Air Act, EPA promulgated the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Commercial Sterilization and Fumigation Operations (59 FR 62585). The NESHAP established standards for both major and area sources. EPA completed a residual risk and technology review for the NESHAP in 2006 and, at that time, concluded that no revisions to the standards were necessary. In this action, EPA conducted the second RTR for the NESHAP and  updated the rule. To aid in this effort, EPA issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking that solicited comment from stakeholders, undertook a Small Business Advocacy Review panel, which is needed when there is the potential for significant economic impacts to small businesses from any regulatory actions being considered, and has conducted outreach meetings within the communities affected by the highest-risk facilities as part of the development of this action. These meetings involved informing community members of the risk from EtO emissions and explaining how they can be involved in the rule writing process. EPA also held a national webinar on this proposal. Accommodations were made for Spanish-language speaking communities, which are disproportionately affected by these EtO emissions. This final rule also reflects feedback EPA received from representatives of local and state governments. For more information, please visit https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/ethylene-oxide-emissions-standards-sterilization-facilities.