This action will amend the Lime Manufacturing National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), 40 CFR part 63, subpart AAAAA, as required by the Clean Air Act (CAA). This action will address Louisiana Environmental Action Network v. EPA, 955 F.3d 1088 (D.C. Cir. 2020) (LEAN”), in which the court held that EPA must set limits on uncontrolled hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions when the Agency conducts technology reviews under CAA section 112(d)(6), 42 U.S.C. 7412(d)(6). The Lime Manufacturing NESHAP was promulgated pursuant to section 112(d) of the CAA on January 5, 2004. The residual risk and technology review (RTR) was promulgated pursuant to CAA 112(f) and 112(d)(6) on July 24, 2020. The NESHAP establishes emission limitations based on maximum achievable control technology for control of HAP from kilns at new and existing lime manufacturing plants. The HAP emitted from lime manufacturing kilns include hydrochloric acid, mercury, organic HAP, and dioxins/furans. On July 21, 2023, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia extended the deadline for EPA to complete final action on the Lime NESHAP to June 30, 2024. The EPA convened a Small Business Advocacy Review (SBAR) Panel to obtain advice and recommendations from small entity representatives (SERs) that could be subject to the Lime Manufacturing NESHAP requirements. On August 3, 2023, the EPA’s Small Business Advocacy Chairperson convened the Panel, which consisted of the Chairperson, the Director of the Sector Policies and Programs Division within the EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs within OMB, and the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration (SBA).