The direct benefit of the proposed rule is the reduced regulatory burden associated with developing and marketing a PIP based on sexually compatible plants created through biotechnology. The agency estimates the cost savings per PIP to be between $444,000 $459,000. The proposed exemption may encourage more research and development in this area of biotechnology and better enable firms of all sizes to engage in the development of these types of PIPs. Entities that support minor crops may not support markets large enough to warrant fixed registration costs. These entities may feel the most regulatory relief as a result of this rule. Crop varieties modified for greater pest and disease resistance could also reduce the usage of externally applied pesticides, which in turn, could provide environmental benefits. Growers may also benefit because they will have more tools available to combat pest pressures. This rule is deregulatory and is not expected to result in any increase in costs to developers, growers or food consumers. EPA expects that risks to human health or the environment of PIPs based on sexually compatible plants created through biotechnology would not be greater than any risks of plant products produced through conventional breeding. Subjecting this type of PIP to FIFRA requirements would provide little or no benefit to society in terms of avoided risks to human health and the environment beyond the types of risks normally associated with agricultural production and agricultural products created by conventional breeding.