Section 1031 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) and other provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act authorize the Bureau to take enforcement, supervision, and rulemaking actions concerning unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts and practices. While statutory language, regulations, policy statements, and case law have provided important clarifications as to the meaning of unfairness and deception under federal consumer protection law over several decades, the Dodd-Frank Act was the first federal law to define and prohibit abusive acts and practices with respect to consumer financial products and services generally. The Bureau is considering whether rulemaking or other activities may be helpful to further clarify the meaning of abusive acts or practices under section 1031 of the Dodd-Frank Act.