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Statement of Need: Because of changes in the workplace and the introduction of new processes and technologies, the Department is undertaking a comprehensive review of the regulatory criteria applicable to child labor. Other factors necessitating a review of the child labor regulations are changes in places where young workers find employment opportunities, the existence of differing Federal and State standards, and the divergent views on how best to correlate school and work experiences. Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Secretary of Labor is directed to provide by regulation or by order for the employment of youth between 14 and 16 years of age under periods and conditions which will not interfere with their schooling, health and well-being. The Secretary is also directed to designate occupations that are particularly hazardous for youth between the ages of 16 and 18 years or detrimental to their health or well-being. The Secretary has done so by specifying, in regulations, the permissible industries and occupations in which 14- and 15-year-olds may be employed, and the number of hours per day and week and the time periods within a day in which they may be employed. In addition, these regulations designate the occupations declared particularly hazardous for minors between 16 and 18 years of age or detrimental to their health or well-being. Public comment has been invited in considering whether changes in technology in the workplace and job content over the years require new hazardous occupation orders or necessitate revision to some of the existing hazardous orders. Comment has also been invited on whether revisions should be considered in the permissible hours and time-of-day standards for the employment of 14- and 15-year-olds, and whether revisions should be considered to facilitate school-to-work transition programs. When issuing the regulatory proposals (after review of public comments on the advance notice of proposed rulemaking), the Department's focus was on assuring healthy, safe and fair workplaces for young workers, and at the same time promoting job opportunities for young people and making regulatory standards less burdensome to the regulated community. The Department will also be considering what additional revisions to the hazardous occupation orders will be undertaken to address recommendations of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in its May 2002 report to the Department.

Summary of the Legal Basis: These regulations are issued under sections 3(l), 11, 12, and 13 of the Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C. sections 203(l), 211, 212, and 213 which require the Secretary of Labor to issue regulations prescribing permissible time periods and conditions of employment for minors between 14 and 16 years old so as not to interfere with their schooling, health, or well-being, and to designate occupations that are particularly hazardous or detrimental to the health or well-being of minors under 18 years old.

Alternatives: Regulatory alternatives developed based on recent legislation and the public comments responding to the advance notice of proposed rulemaking included specific proposed additions or modifications to the paper baler, teen driving, explosive materials, and roofing hazardous occupation orders, and proposed changes to the permissible cooking activities that 14- and 15-year-olds may perform in retail establishments.

Anticipated Costs and Benefits: Preliminary estimates of the anticipated costs and benefits of this regulatory action indicated that the rule was not economically significant. Benefits will include safer working environments and the avoidance of injuries with respect to young workers.

Risks: The child labor regulations, by ensuring that permissible job opportunities for working youth are safe and healthy and not detrimental to their education as required by the statute, produce positive benefits by reducing health and productivity costs employers may otherwise incur from higher accident and injury rates to young and inexperienced workers. Given the limited nature of the changes in the proposed rule, a detailed assessment of the magnitude of risk was not prepared.