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This rule would establish a framework under which the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) could specify limits on fishing effort and catches, as well as spatial and temporal restrictions on particular fishing activities, in U.S. fisheries for highly migratory fish species in the western and central Pacific Ocean. NMFS would issue the specifications as needed to implement conservation and management measures adopted by the Commission for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. The rule also would require that U.S. fishing vessels of a certain size obtain International Maritime Organizational numbers, and prohibit U.S. longline fishing vessels from using shark lines, which are used in some fisheries to target sharks. This action is necessary for the United States to satisfy its obligations under the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, to which it is a Contracting Party.