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This final rule specifies the requirements that eligible professionals, eligible hospitals, and critical access hospitals must meet in order to qualify for Medicare and Medicaid electronic health record (EHR) incentive payments and avoid downward payment adjustments under the Medicare EHR Incentive Program.  In addition, it changes the Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs reporting period in 2015 to a 90-day period aligned with the calendar year.  This rule also removes reporting requirements on measures that have become redundant, duplicative, or topped out from the Medicare and Medicaid EHR incentive programs.  In addition, this rule establishes the requirements for Stage 3 of the program as optional in 2017 and required for all participants beginning in 2018.  The rule continues to encourage the electronic submission of clinical quality measure data, establishes requirements to transition the program to a single stage, and aligns reporting for providers in the Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs.