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Under the agency's regulation, 49 CFR part 577, NHTSA requires manufacturers of motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment to inform owners, dealers, and distributors about defects related to motor vehicle safety or a noncompliance with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. In the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) Congress authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to amend the means of notification required under 49 U.S.C. section 30118, to be in a manner other than, or in addition to, first-class mail. MAP-21 also authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to improve the efficacy of recalls by requiring manufacturers to send additional notifications of defects or noncompliance if a second notification by the manufacturer does not result in an adequate number of motor vehicles or replacement equipment being returned for remedy. 49 U.S.C. section 30119(e). This ANRPM is the most appropriate course to obtain additional information that will help us decide which means are the most effective in motivating owners, purchasers, and dealers to participate in recall campaigns, to aid the agency in developing a rule implementing the notification requirements under MAP-21.