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As the infrastructure of municipalities age, so do the utilities serving the population. Water pipes, including drinking water, waste water, and storm water, are handled by a system of pipes which deliver drinking water to residences, carry waste water to treatment plants, and carry storm water to streams and lakes. Existing water pipes can be made of various components, including asbestos cement (A/C) pipes and are subject to regulation under the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Asbestos (Asbestos NESHAP). When A/C pipes age, the cementitious bonds in the pipe matrix weaken, primarily due to the pH of the water and particulate in suspension. These mechanisms degrade the pipes causing them to become compromised and leak. Because water pipes of all types run beneath and beside major roadways, beneath buildings and overlap other utilities (e.g., gas, electricity, cable), their replacement can potentially be problematic, especially in high density residential and urban areas. Even replacement in suburban and rural areas can require negotiation beneath roadways and other major structures. In this proposed action, the EPA intends to evaluate and determine potential alternative work practice standards for A/C pipe replacement subject to the Asbestos NESHAP.