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We made a final determination on our proposal to list the northern subspecies of scarlet macaw (A. m. cyanoptera) as endangered and the southern subspecies (A. m. macao) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The northern subspecies is found in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. The southern subspecies is found in Costa Rica and South America. The southern subspecies (A. m. macao) consists of two distinct population segments (DPSs); the northern DPS includes Costa Rica and northwest Colombia, and the southern DPS includes southeast Colombia and the remaining range in South America. We treat the southern DPS of A. m. macao and subspecific crosses (A. m. macao and A. m. cyanoptera) as threatened based on similarity of appearance to A. m. cyanoptera and to the northern DPS of A. m. macao. This final rule includes a 4(d) rule that applies to the threatened DPS and similarity of appearance populations and allows for the import and export of scarlet macaws that meet certain criteria and interstate commerce without a permit under the ESA.