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This proposal will address the Agency's residual risk and technology review (RTR) of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for lime manufacturing. The Lime Manufacturing NESHAP, subpart AAAAA, was promulgated pursuant to section 112(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) in January 2004. The NESHAP established emission limitations and work practice requirements based on maximum achievable control technology (MACT) for control of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from kilns at new and existing lime manufacturing plants. The pollutants emitted from lime manufacturing kilns include metallic HAP, hydrogen chloride, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. These pollutants are predominantly originating from the limestone feed material and the fuels used, and are formed from the combustion of fuels and the heating of feed material in the kiln. This action will implement the residual risk review requirements of CAA section 112(f) and the technology review requirements of CAA section 112(d)(6). The statute directs the EPA to promulgate emission standards under CAA 112(f)(2) if such standards are required to provide an ample margin of safety to protect public health or to prevent, taking relevant factors into account, an adverse environmental effect. Any such standards are to be promulgated within 8 years after promulgation of MACT standards under CAA section 112(d). CAA section 112(d)(6) requires the EPA to review and revise the MACT standards as necessary, taking into account developments in practices, processes and control technologies, no less often than every 8 years. Pursuant to a court order related to the review of 13 source categories, the EPA must complete 7 final RTR actions by December 31, 2018, and 6 additional RTR actions by June 30, 2020. The EPA currently plans to complete this action by June 30, 2020.