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This rulemaking would require certain railroads to establish and implement a Fatigue Risk Management Program (FRMP), as part of each System Safety Program (SSP) or Risk Reduction Program (RRP). This rulemaking would also require railroads to establish and update, at least once every 2 years, a written FRMP, which would either be a component of a railroad's SSP or RRP plan, as applicable. An FRMP is part of the statutory mandate in section 103 of the Rail Safety Improvement Act (RSIA), which directs FRA to issue a regulation requiring each Class I railroad, railroad with inadequate safety performance, and railroad that provides intercity rail passenger or commuter rail passenger transportation (passenger railroad) to develop, submit to FRA for review and approval, and implement a railroad safety risk reduction program. The FRMP is a required element of a railroad safety risk reduction program. Under this rule, FRA expects railroads to more efficiently use their resources to address fatigue issues, leading to marginal improvements in fatigue-caused accidents over time. Based on National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident reports from 2000 to 2014, there have been 11 rail accidents in which fatigue was a factor, resulting in 116 injuries, 16 fatalities, and $47 million in property damages.