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NASA is publishing an interim rule to implement provisions of the TREAT Astronauts Act  (Pub. L. 115-10)  which allows NASA to pay for medical treatment for former astronauts whose medical condition is determined by NASA to be associated with spaceflight.  The Agency currently provides medical monitoring services to former NASA astronauts and payload specialists through the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) program at Johnson Space Center (JSC).  The Act provides a more comprehensive program of monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment services to former astronauts. The expansion of services will facilitate early detection of health conditions that may be associated with exposures incurred during spaceflight or spaceflight training to develop a richer evidence base of occupational health data. NASA currently uses data from the LSAH program to tailor clinical care for individual astronauts, as well as to inform the human systems risks, current spaceflight operations, and future vehicle standards. More comprehensive data informing these ongoing activities will ultimately contribute to an improved understanding of the long-term impacts of spaceflight.