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In this final rule, NMFS reinstates a 2016 final rule that allows certain large U.S. longline vessels to fish in portions of the American Samoa Large Vessel Prohibited Area (LVPA). The U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a 2017 lower court decision that had vacated the 2016 rule. The intent of this rule is to comply with the Court's final judgment and mandate. NMFS expects the rule to increase net income earned by large longline vessels that are now prohibited from fishing within the LVPA, through a potential increase in revenue and reduction in trip costs. We also expect this rule to have a positive effect on income and regional employment because the potential increase in large longline fishing activity might generate increase in sales of provisions, supplies, and fuel for this fishery.