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NMFS proposes to prohibit the use of wire leaders in the Hawaii deep-set longline fishery, and require fishermen to remove trailing gear from any oceanic whitetip shark caught in the Hawaii deep-set and shallow-set longline fisheries and the American Samoa longline fishery. The proposed action is intended to increase post-hooking survival of oceanic whitetip sharks. The one-time cost to convert from wire leaders to monofilament leaders would average $168-$477 per vessel. With 146 active deep-set Hawaii longline vessels in 2020, this would represent initial one-time conversion costs of $24,528-$69,642 fleetwide. Branch line repair and replacements would cost $0.06-$0.17, and number of hooks per trip averages 36,659, so leader replacement per trip would likely cost between $436-$1,234 (vs. $2,164-$2,745 for wire). The annual cost for gear replacement would range from $1,528,920 to $3,795,996 fleetwide, not including time and labor costs, which are similar for wire and monofilament leaders. The cost to remove trailing gear from any oceanic whitetip shark is expected to be negligible. Each vessel catches one oceanic whitetip shark per trip, on average, and would need to reduce the trailing gear from over 5 meters to less than 1 meter. The transition from wire to monofilament leaders is likely to increase annual revenues by an estimated $2,660,879 for the fishery, or $17,739 per vessel, with the enhanced catchability of some target species, most notably bigeye tuna, with monofilament leaders. The use of monofilament leaders presents a safety issue for the crew, but it can be mitigated by using a flyback prevention device. Such a device and branch line weight configuration may cost about $13 and take approximately 30 minutes to make.