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This rule would extend the maximum period of validity of merchant mariner medical certificates for first-class pilots, and masters and mates serving as pilot, from 2 years to 5 years to align with the medical certificate period of validity for all other national endorsements. This rule would also require first-class pilots and masters or mates who serve as pilot on vessels that are 1,600 GRT or more to submit their annual physical examination results to the Coast Guard if: (1) The examining medical practitioner documents that the individual does not meet the physical ability requirements set forth in 46 CFR 10.304(c); (2) The examining medical practitioner documents that the individual has a condition that does not meet the general medical exam requirements described in 46 CFR 10.304(a), the vision requirements described in 46 CFR 10.305, or the hearing requirements described in 46 CFR 10.306; (3) The examining medical practitioner documents that the individual is not recommended for a medical certificate or needs further review by the Coast Guard as set forth in 46 CFR 10.301(a); or (4) The Coast Guard requests the results. The requirement to submit the results of the annual physical examinations in any of the above situations will help to ensure the safety of life and property at sea and the protection of the marine environment with minimal burden on mariners. This project would promote economic relief by reducing frequency of which pilots are required to renew their medical certificate. This rule is consistent with Executive Order 14058, which directs agencies to take actions that improve service delivery and customer experience by decreasing administrative burdens, enhancing transparency, and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of government.