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This action addresses amendments to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Lime Manufacturing as a result of the D.C. Circuit’s opinion in Louisiana Environmental Action Network v. EPA, 955 F.3d 1088 (D.C. Cir. 2020) (“LEAN”). The Lime Manufacturing NESHAP, codified in 40 CFR part 63, subpart AAAAA, was promulgated pursuant to section 112(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) on January 5, 2004. The residual risk and technology review (RTR) was promulgated pursuant to CAA 112(f) and 112(d)(6) on July 24, 2020. The NESHAP established emission limitations and work practice requirements based on maximum achievable control technology for control of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from kilns at new and existing lime manufacturing plants. The pollutants emitted from lime manufacturing kilns include metallic HAP, hydrogen chloride, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. The court in LEAN held that EPA must set limits on uncontrolled hazardous air pollutant emissions when it conducts technology reviews under section 112(d)(6) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. section 7412(d)(6). Pursuant to the D.C. District Court’s April 15, 2021, order in Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League v. Regan, Case No: 1:16-cv-00364-CRC (D.D.C. filed Feb. 24, 2016) related to the extension of EPA’s deadline for final action of five source categories, the EPA must complete the final action for the Lime Manufacturing NESHAP by February 23, 2023.