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This action addresses the agency’s amendments to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Rubber Tire Manufacturing as a result of the D.C. Circuit’s opinion in Louisiana Environmental Action Network v. EPA, 955 F.3d 1088 (D.C. Cir. 2020) (“LEAN”). The Rubber Tire Manufacturing NESHAP, subpart XXXX, was promulgated pursuant to section 112(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) on July 9, 2002, with corrections promulgated on March 12, 2003. The residual risk and technology review (RTR) was promulgated pursuant to CAA 112(f) and 112(d)(6) on July 24, 2020. The NESHAP established emission limitations and work practice requirements based on maximum achievable control technology for control of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from facilities that are major sources of HAP and that manufacture rubber tires and components integral to rubber tires, as well as tire cord producers and puncture sealant operations. The primary HAP emitted from the rubber tire production process and puncture sealant operations are toluene and hexane. Tire cord operations also emit these HAP, but the more significant emissions from tire cord production are formaldehyde, styrene, and methanol. The court in LEAN held that EPA must set limits on uncontrolled hazardous air pollutant emissions when it conducts technology reviews under section 112(d)(6) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. section 7412(d)(6). Pursuant to the D.C. District Court's March 14, 2022, order in Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League v. Regan, Case No: 1:16-cv-00364-CRC (D.D.C. filed Feb. 24, 2016), the EPA must complete the final action for the Rubber Tire Manufacturing NESHAP by March 29, 2024