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On August 14, 2018, Congress passed the National Suicide Hotline Improvement Act (Act). Pub. L. No. 115-233, 132 Stat. 2424 (2018). The purpose of the Act was to study and report on the feasibility of designating a 3-digit dialing code to be used for a national suicide prevention and mental health crisis hotline system by considering each of the current N11 designations. The Act directed the Commission to: (1) conduct a study that examines the feasibility of designating a simple, easy-to-remember, 3-digit dialing code to be used for a national suicide prevention and mental health crisis hotline system; and (2) analyze how well the current National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is working to address the needs of veterans. The Act also directed the Commission to coordinate with the Department of Health and Human Services’ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and the North American Numbering Council (NANC) in conducting the study, and to produce a report on the study by August 14, 2019. 

On August 14, 2019, the Wireline Competition Bureau and Office of Economics and Analytics submitted its report to Congress recommending that: (1) a 3-digit dialing code be used for a national suicide prevention and mental health crisis hotline system; and (2) the Commission should initiate a rulemaking proceeding to consider designating 988 as the 3-digit code. 

On December 12, 2019, the Commission released a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) proposing to designate 988 as a new, nationwide, 3-digit dialing code for a suicide prevention and mental health crisis hotline. WC Docket No. 18-336. The NPRM proposes that calls made to 988 be directed to the existing National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which is made up of an expansive network of over 170 crisis centers located across the United States, and to the Veterans Crisis Line. The NPRM also proposes to require all telecommunications carriers and interconnected VoIP service providers to make, within 18 months, any changes necessary to ensure that users can dial 988 to reach the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline and Veterans Crisis Line.

On July 16, 2020, the Commission adopted an Order designating 988 as the 3-digit number to reach the Lifeline and Veterans Crisis Line (800-273-TALK or 800-273-8255) and requiring all telecommunications carriers, interconnected voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) providers, and one-way VoIP providers to make any network changes necessary to ensure that users can dial 988 to reach the Lifeline by July 16, 2022.

On October 16, 2020, the Communications Equality Advocates filed a petition for partial reconsideration of the FCC’s July 16, 2020 Report and Order.  In their petition, Communications Equality Advocates requested that the FCC revise the Order to mandate text-to-988 and direct video calling (DVC) requirements and to have such requirements be implemented on the same timeline as voice calls to 988, by July 16, 2022.

On October 17, 2020, Congress enacted the National Suicide Hotline Designation Act of 2020 (2020 Act).  Public Law 116-172, 134 Stat. 832 (2020).  The 2020 Act, among other things, designates 988 as the universal telephone number within the United States for the purpose of the national suicide prevention and mental health crisis hotline system operating through the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline,” with designation occurring one year after enactment.

On November 9, 2020, pursuant to 2020 Act’s requirements that the Commission submit a report on the feasibility and cost of attaching an automatic dispatchable location with 988 calls, the Commission issued a Public Notice that sought comment on these issues.

On April 22, 2021 the Commission adopted a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM) that proposes to require text service providers support text messages to 988 by routing texts to the toll free number. 

On November 19, 2020, pursuant to 2020 Act’s requirements that the Commission submit a report on the feasibility and cost of attaching an automatic dispatchable location with 988 calls, the Commission issued a Public Notice that sought comment on these issues.  A Report to Congress regarding geolocation was released on April 15, 2021.      

On April 22, 2021 the Commission adopted a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM) that proposes to require text service providers support text messages to 988 by routing texts to the toll free number. On November 19, 2021, the Commission adopted an Order requiring the industry to enable texting to 988 by the same deadline as for voice calls, July 16, 2022.

On May 24, 2022, the Commission, following up on its report to Congress, hosted a forum in coordination with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs that convened various stakeholders to discuss issues surrounding geolocation. Participants included state and local entities; suicide prevention and mental health experts and advocates; communications industry leaders; and technical experts. The Commission opened the event to the public via live feed on the Commission's website, and audience members submitted questions to panelists by email.