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On January 30, 2024, APHIS issued a proposed rule that proposed both to amend and republish the list of select agents and toxins that have the potential to pose a severe threat to animal or plant health, and to codify operational procedures and policies necessary to enforce the regulations. A December 16, 2024, final rule amended the list of select agents and toxins as proposed.  In accordance with the Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002, APHIS is issuing this final rule under an associated RIN to codify operational procedures and policies contained in the January 2024 proposed rule that are necessary to enforce the regulations to ensure enhanced biosafety and biosecurity of select agents and toxins.