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Under the Tuna Conventions Act, NMFS implements two binding resolutions adopted by the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission in 2023:C-23-07 Conservation Measures for the Protection and Sustainable Management of Sharks and C-23-11 On the Establishment of a Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). Resolution C-23-07 includes provisions on safe handling and release procedures for sharks caught incidentally by longline vessels. These new procedures include leaving the shark in the water when possible and cutting trailing gear so that less than one meter remains on the animal, to the extent practicable. These measures have been shown to increase post-release survival in sharks and are not expected to result in additional burdens to stakeholders. Best handling and release practices for sharks caught incidentally by purse seine vessels have been in place since 2016.