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In this interim final rule (IFR), the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) implements and/or finalizes recent changes to controls for spacecraft and related items under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) included in the October 23, 2024 interim final rule (IFR), Export Administration Regulations: Revisions to Space-Related Export Controls,” and the October 23, 2024 proposed rule, Export Administration Regulations: Revisions to Space-Related Export Controls, Including Addition of License Exception Commercial Space Activities (CSA).  This IFR also addresses the public comments received in response to both rules.  This IFR reduces license requirements on less sensitive items to reflect the close relations with certain allied countries to better facilitate space collaboration and makes refinements and clarifications to existing space-related export controls. These changes will better enable a globally competitive U.S. space industrial base while continuing to protect U.S. national security and foreign policy interests.