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The Department of State, acting under authority delegated pursuant to Executive Order 12851, has determined pursuant to the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (CBW Act) that the Government of Sudan has used chemical or biological weapons in violation of international law or lethal chemical or biological weapons against its own nationals. The sanctions imposed on Sudan in connection with this determination include a prohibition, subject to partial waiver, on the export, reexport, or transfer (in-country) to Sudan of national security-controlled items subject to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). With this final rule, consistent with BIS’s implementation of the CBW Act sanctions, Sudan is being removed from Country Group B and most license applications for exports, reexports, or transfers (in-country) of national security-controlled items destined for Sudan will be reviewed under a presumption of denial. Additionally, pursuant to its authority under the Export Control Reform Act of 2018, BIS is adding Sudan to column Country Group D:3 of the Commerce Country Chart and is tightening its license application review policy for items controlled for chemical and biological reasons by adopting the same presumption of denial policy.