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The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published an emergency temporary standard to protect workers from the grave danger of COVID-19 transmission in the workplace. The standard requires all covered employers to develop and implement a mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policy, with an exception for employers that instead adopt a policy requiring employees to elect either to get vaccinated or to undergo regular COVID-19 testing and wear a face covering at work. On January 13, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court stayed the Vaccination and Testing ETS, finding that challengers were likely to prevail on their claims. After evaluating the Court's decision, OSHA withdrew the Vaccination and Testing ETS as an enforceable emergency temporary standard. Initially, OSHA did not withdraw the ETS to the extent that it served as a proposed rule while OSHA evaluated comments and the Court’s decision. However, the federal public health emergency for Covid-19 ended on May 11, 2023.