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This rule implements the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvement Act of 2015.  This Act requires agencies to adjust the level of civil monetary penalties with an initial "catch-up" adjustment through an interim final rulemaking (IPR); and make subsequent annual adjustments for inflation. Catch-up adjustments are based on the percent change between the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the month of October in the year of a previous adjustment, and the October 2015 CPI-U. Annual inflation adjustments will be based on the percent change between the October CPI-U preceding the date of the adjustment, and the prior year's October CPI-U.