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Statement of Need: Childhood lead poisoning is a pervasive problem in the United States, with almost a million young children having more than 10 ug/dl of lead in their blood, (Center for Disease Control's level of concern). Although there have been dramatic declines in blood-lead levels due to reductions of lead in paint, gasoline, and food sources, remaining paint in older houses continues to be a significant source of childhood lead poisoning. These rules will help insure that individuals and firms conducting lead-based paint activities will do so in a way that safeguards the environment and protects the health of building occupants, especially children under 6 years old.

Summary of the Legal Basis: This regulation is mandated by TSCA section 402(c). TSCA Section 402(c) directs EPA to address renovation and remodeling activities by first conducting a study of the extent to which persons engaged in various typed of renovation and remodeling activities are exposed to lead in the conduct of such activities or disturb lead and create a lead-based paint hazard on a regular basis. Section 402(c) further directs the Agency to revise the lead-based paint activities regulations (40 CFR Part 745 Subpart L) to include renovation or remodeling activities that create lead-based paint hazards. In order to determine which contractors are engaged in such activities the Agency isi directied to utilize the results of the study and consult with the representatives of labor organizations, lead-based paint activities contractors, persons engaged in remodeling and renovation, experts in health effects, and others.

Alternatives: TSCA Section 402(c) states that should the Administrator determine that any category of contractors engaged in renovation or remodeling does not require certification; the Administrator may publish an explanation of the basis for that determination.

Anticipated Costs and Benefits: EPA's quantitative cost estimates fall into four categories: Training Costs, Work Practice Costs, Clearence Testing Costs, and Administrative Costs. The estimates vary depending upon the option selected. In most cases we expect that requirements related to Clearence Testing and Work Practices will contribute the most to overall rule cost. The benefits analysis will not provide direct quantitative measures of each (or any) option. EPA does not have a complete risk assessment (with dose-response functions) that would permit direct quantitative estimates. We do have other data, such as estimated loadings of Pb generated by renovation work, number and type of renovation events, demographics of the exposed population, and the costs of various health effects previously linked to Pb exposure. With the available information we are able utilize several qualitative approaches to frame the benefits associated with an effective renovation rule.

Risks: These rules are aimed at reducing the prevalence and severity of lead poisoning, particularly in children. The Agency has concluded that many R&R work activities can produce or release large quantities of lead and may be associated with elevated blood lead levels. These activities include, but are not limited to: sanding, cutting, window replacement, and demolition. Lead exposure to R&R workers appears to by less of a problem than to building occupants (especially young children). Some workers (and homeowners) are occasionally exposed to high levels of lead. Any work activity that produces dust and debris may create a lead exposure problem.