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The Federal hazardous materials transportation law requires the Secretary of Transportation to ensure that, to the extent practicable, regulations governing the transportation of hazardous materials in commerce are consistent with standards adopted by international authorities (49 U.S.C. 5120(b)). This rulemaking will amend the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR; 49 CFR Parts 171-180) to maintain alignment with international standards by incorporating by reference the 24th revised edition of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations (UN Model Regulations), Amendment 43-26 to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, and the 2027-2028 edition of the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Technical Instructions on the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (ICAO Technical Instructions). In addition, the rulemaking will further amend the HMR by harmonizing domestic hazardous materials transportation requirements with specific amendments found in these international standards, where appropriate.