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The National Science Foundation (NSF) is revising its regulations in 45 CFR part 681 to implement provisions of section 5203 of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2025 (Pub. L. 118-159).  Under section 5203, the NDAA revises the Administrative False Claims Act of 2023 (AFCA) (previously known as the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986) and offers a streamlined administrative remedy for addressing false claims and statements the Department of Justice opts not to prosecute. The liability provisions of the AFCA remain closely modeled on those in the False Claims Act with the principal differences being the AFCA does not include a qui tam enforcement mechanism, covers false written statements even in the absence of a claim, and provides for administrative rather than judicial resolution. The NDAA requires amendment to NSF’s regulations within 180 days of enactment.