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EPA is reviewing existing regulatory dust-lead hazard standards for target housing and Child Occupied Facilities (COFs), and the definition of lead-based paint for non-target housing. On March 6, 1996, the EPA and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) issued a joint final regulation that, under section 401 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), adopted the statutory definition of lead-based paint as "paint or other surface coatings that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 milligram per square centimeter or 0.5 percent by weight." On January 5, 2001, the EPA issued a final regulation that, under section 403 of the TSCA, established regulatory dust-lead hazard standards of 40 µg/ft2 for floors and 250 µg/ft2 for interior window sills. On August 10, 2009, EPA received a petition requesting that EPA take action to lower EPA's regulatory dust-lead hazard standards and the definition of lead-based paint. On October 22, 2009, EPA granted the petition, agreeing to initiate a proceeding to determine whether the dust-lead hazard standards, and the definition of lead-based paint for non-target housing should be revised. On August 24, 2016, advocates filed a petition in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, asking the court to compel EPA to make such revisions. On December 27, 2017, the Ninth Circuit granted the petition brought by environmental groups seeking to compel EPA to act upon the rulemaking petition that EPA granted in 2009 concerning the dust-lead hazard standards and the definition of lead-based paint. The decision orders EPA to issue a proposed rule within 90 days of the date that the court's decision becomes final and a final rule within one year of the proposal. Since the 2001 final rule, data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys and other studies, advances in blood lead modeling, and EPA's 2013 release of the Integrated Science Assessment for Lead, have made it possible to examine relationships between environmental lead exposures and blood lead concentrations in children, and to analyze the health effects of that relationship at lower levels. Since new data has become available regarding lead, and other agencies and EPA offices are updating their lead-related policies, EPA's review of the existing dust-lead hazard standards for target housing and COFs and the definition of lead-based paint in non-target housing should reflect this information to maintain consistency with new policies and data.