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In 1991, several Federal departments and agencies that conduct or support research involving human subjects adopted a common 'Federal Policy for Protection of Human Subjects' into each of their own respective regulations. This policy is known as the 'Common Rule,' by virtue of being shared currently by all these departments and agencies. The Common Rule was revised through the Federal rulemaking process, and a final revised rule was jointly published in the Federal Register on January 19, 2017. Implementation of the revised Common Rule began on January 21, 2019. The Common Rule was codified by EPA in 40 CFR 26. Beyond the Common Rule language, which is located in subpart A of part 26, 40 CFR 26 also contains several additional subparts that are unique to EPA, added in 2006 in response to a Congressional mandate. In particular, EPA created subparts K through Q to regulate third-party pesticide research. Subpart K borrowed heavily from the provisions of the Common Rule. In July 2019, EPA finalized updates to subpart K to be consistent with the recent updates to the Common Rule. EPA also finalized updates to minor numerical citations (i.e., regulatory reference numbers) in subparts C and D. The final rule resolves discrepancies created by the recent revision to the Common Rule and does not alter the fundamental protections for human subjects, including vulnerable populations.